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A 10TB SSD is not conscious. SQLite is not conscious. A wafer is not conscious.

But connect them all together...


Molecules are not conscious. Cells are not conscious. Neurons are not conscious. But connect them all together.

Yes, which is why the focus should be on how they're connected together. Not what happens after we connect them to create Jason Bourne.

SQLite was mentioned as a placeholder to make it a queryable database. Genome as an analogy.

We need to develop new type of databases and connect them to ML.


The real threat is that we uncritically adopt language such as alignment.

Implicit in this is the idea that AI is a inscrutable matrix and going to remain that way and we'll need expert interpreters to make sense of it.

We need to insist on building tech that's explainable by design.


Alignment just means "this machine operates in ways that align with the intent of its users". It doesn't imply anything about the inscrutability of the machine in question. A gun with a misaligned scope would likewise fail to operate in accord with its user's intent, and likewise with potentially deadly consequences.

The gun comes with a manual on how to use it safely. I'm sure it has some complexities, but at the high level:

> A gun is a metal tube that uses a tiny, controlled explosion to shoot a small piece of metal (called a bullet) forward at very high speed.

If the gun doesn't work as intended, you can take it to a shop and someone can fix it so it works as designed.

All I'm saying is AI should be designed the same way. Treat AI as normal tech like any other and use similar language.


Learning ML, there was a high emphasis on the error part of things as most of the course was on minimizing errors. After ChatGPT, there is a weird anthropomorphization going on, where it's all about hallucinations, alignment and what not.

We have something that is statistical in nature so there should never been any expectation of error-free results/actions. The value has always been about discerning trends or the cost of errors being way lower than any good result.


Statistical learned indexes can exist in explainable tech such as a database.

In 2017 Google was writing papers about it. Then something changed.

I don't think it was the tech. It was a realization around the power and societal impact.


That last line needs a lot of workshopping. A guillotine with instructions on the bottom of the blade conforms to your request.

If there is guillotine in the weights of the model, it needs to be properly labeled so you can look it up by name using a database index (or a graph-vector index).

It helps both the bad guys and good guys. Like responsible disclosure in cyber security, we need to have a conversation around it.


> We need to insist on building tech that's explainable by design.

You realize this means insisting on terrible tech that humans can understand right? It essentially caps human progress at some point about 4 years ago.

If you are old and happy with the way things are this might sound like a good idea. It does not to me.


Oh you want tech that helps discover new science instead of parroting existing wisdom?

There is little evidence that the RSI we are discussing is capable of inventing the theory of relativity (or the more advanced equivalent). All we have seen is pattern matching in a much larger space than humans can, with some human provided verification tech.

I would argue that human-AI collaboration with explainable tech has a better chance. Continuous learning can be done in a way that doesn't violate IP or privacy.


You are assuming that humans are capable of understanding everything. They are not.

Human comprehension sets a ceiling on progress.

It reminds me of those schools that can only teach as quickly as the dumbest kid in the room can follow. We don't want that for our entire species.


I'm sympathetic to this argument.

All I'm saying is: if you have a choice between two systems with equal power of discovery and one is more understandable than the other, we choose the more understandable one.

Limits of Human comprehension and quest for power are two different motivations that could lead to black box systems that are marketed as semi-explainable.

We need to verify that human comprehension is actually limiting progress before allowing such things and even when we do, do it responsibly on an explainable foundation.


Agreed. I would vote for the "when there is a choice" version of your argument.

I'm not sure it is always possible to verify when human comprehension is the limit though. Most of research is done an the frontier of knowledge where we don't know what we don't know.

There would need to be a great deal of nuance in any law, and nuance in practical terms tend to just mean "loophole." Still, you're right that we should try to build explainable systems where it is possible/reasonable to do so first.


The problem is that you're not offered a choice. No one is making the "err towards explainability" choice.

Training data is treated as IP. Distillation is seen as an attack.

Open data, open training based systems such an Marin are just getting started. Explainability is not a priority there.

The ones who do discuss these ideas are confrontational about LLMs and not effective spokespeople.


> The problem is that you're not offered a choice. No one is making the "err towards explainability" choice.

I'm not sure that's entirely fair. OpenAI recently discussed this at length in a blog post after some accusations around Astra and the trade-offs. The grown-ups are definitely thinking about it, and making tough choices about the trade-offs.

It's reasonable to debate whether ENOUGH is being done here, and I doubt that even the most rabid AI advocate would argue that more couldn't be done, but everyone in the industry is very much actively thinking about it.

Check this out if you haven't read it: https://openai.com/index/an-alien-mind/

They discuss recent choices they made specifically for that reason.

> The ones who do discuss these ideas are confrontational about LLMs and not effective spokespeople.

Very much this. I'm very open to reasonable debate on the subject, but 8/10 times when I try someone who is rabidly pro/anti jumps in. It turns from a debate amongst reasonable people who reasonably disagree into some kind of political/religious battle of belief systems.

I think part of my problem is that a lot of peoples careers very much depend on them not understanding it and spreading misinformation intentionally.


Let it be capped then.

Ahh yes I remember the bad old days of 4 years ago when everyone decided human progress had enough, and we would have been stuck there forever if it hadn't been for LLMs ... we didn't know how good we had it

So many words. But missing the one that matters the most: Explainability.

AI slowdown is worth it only if it can be made more explainable.

Changing the language we use to discuss it is a good first step.

We need to stop using inside baseball terms like alignment and mechanistic interpretability. Replace them with explainable tech. Graph Databases, Causality, Shared semantic spaces.

Previous writings on the topic (also on LinkedIn, but can't find urls):

https://x.com/arundsharma/status/2005338775468282339 https://x.com/latentpedia


As much as I love all these technologies, they don't have any direction that approaches the efficacy of a transformer

You can have a transformer based index built on top of a graph database. Much of the explainability tech (people who prefer "alignment" also prefer "mechanistic interpretability") is reverse engineering the real world graph that's hiding in the weights.

https://research.google/pubs/the-case-for-learned-index-stru...


That's literally not useful for the sort of applications people want to use transformers for.

What you're using is a transformer based database index. An obfuscated one.

Training data is the database. Model is a lossy compressed index.


I'm encouraged by this result. It's the primary hypothesis behind latentpedia.org.

Instead of distilling the geometry of a model into a huge knowledge graph, we start from the largest known open source graphs and build it up towards something that resembles this geometry.

Come and join us. Discuss on github.com/latentpedia. We have the basic tech covered. Need more compute, storage and enough business to cover the cost of serving.


Many competent embedded graph DBs out there. More suitable than graphs on SQLite projects.


For what benefit though?

Much better off storing this in an embedded graph database and use cypher.

MVCC, Indexes, Strong typing, WAL, changefeeds.

The simplicity of markdown and JSON are deceptive. SQLite is a solid choice, but then you deal with graph-relational impedance mismatch.


Simplicity. It’s a bunch of files, trivial to edit, version and develop against. This is important for things sometimes intended to stay relevant for a long time.

I’d flip the question towards the benefits more complicated solutions give you. One conclusion might be “not enough”.


Simplicity is in the eye of a beholder. It's not an argument backed by facts.

Many single file graph databases out there. They should be "simpler" since it's one file vs many.

Text files vs binary is what you're arguing. Why don't you store your phone address book as a text file?

Everyone know the answer to that one. SQLite is a solid, well accepted answer. You already have 20 of them on your phone.

We need to build a similar option for graphs instead of the markdown detour.


https://www.youtube.com/@ladybugdb - what content would you like to see?


Surprised that there isn't more discussion of DuckDB source distributions.

Why do we need a source distribution for a well regarded MIT licensed project? Because it's not easy to contribute code to DuckDB if you don't work at DuckLabs. The CI used to take 5 hours for a simple bug fix last I looked (may have improved since I flagged it on social media).

There are two that I'm aware of:

  * Haybarn: https://rusty.today/blog/duckdb-extension-distribution-gap/
  * Pygmy-Goose: https://github.com/Pygmy-Goose/pygmy-goose
Pygmy-Goose is focused on making agentic workflows faster by splitting the repo, making git worktrees cheap and 5 minute cached CI on 3 major platforms.


Several "Graph on DuckDB" efforts started on DuckDB and ended up reinventing a basic columnar codebase to innovate on because of these reasons. Even though people didn't document why, lack of outside contributor friendly flows is likely one of the reasons.

KuzuDB folks worked on something called GRainDB in 2022: https://vldb.org/cidrdb/2022/graindb-a-relational-core-graph...

But circa 2023 decided to write their own. Work continues as LadybugDB. One of my long term goals is to find an integration point with DuckDB's table implementation as the "node table". Conversely at some point DuckDB could implement all the join algorithms and LadybugDB's REL table in their code base.

For now, any talk of Graph on DuckDB is limited to DuckPGQ and the more recent entrant DuckGQL (both of which don't touch the storage layer which is the main reason why LadybugDB exists).


I measured this on a M4 mac mini (base model):

  zig build sqlite-benchmark

  Medium (100K nodes)

  +----------------------+-----------+---------+---------+
  | Workload             | LatticeDB | SQLite  | Speedup |
  +----------------------+-----------+---------+---------+
  | 1-hop traversal      | 5.7μs     | 16.1μs  | 2.8x    |
  | 2-hop traversal      | 30.1μs    | 59.4μs  | 2.0x    |
  | 3-hop traversal      | 171.1μs   | 228.8μs | 1.3x    |
  | Variable path (1..5) | 82.2μs    | 5.8ms   | 70.4x   |
  +----------------------+-----------+---------+---------+
Very different from the comparison on github and the website.

Given that on-disk data structures are similar to SQLite, I expect the competition from other "graph on sqlite" projects when they co-opt the techniques in LatticeDB.


Thanks for sharing this. The lattice numbers are pretty close but my sqlite numbers are way off. I got a new computer since then so will remeasure.


Wikidata doesn't imply RDF/SPARQL. Cypher works fine too. A columnar storage engine means you get indexes and the relational goodness for free.

https://huggingface.co/datasets/ladybugdb/wikidata-20260401


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