Not by default. Deutsche Bank for instance makes you select it and I'm guessing most people are afraid that choosing instant means a fee so they leave it off.
There was another European payment system change to remove* the fees for real-time (official name) transfers, roughly a year ago. Together with the removal of international fees 10? years ago, it is indeed instant (if you check the box) and free across the EU now.
IIRC, real-time transfers commonly used to cost 50 cents (flat).
* Technically, they aren't allowed to cost more than regular transfers which cost 0 in ~all retail accounts
Desktop operating systems don't have very good separation between programs. If some malware gets access, it will be looking for e.g. ssh keys and using a keylogger to get the passphrase if you encrypted your ssh keys. Tpm protected passkeys are much better protected
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