The executive was intended to enforce laws, which is clearly stated in the constitution, so it seems clear that having a force to enforce such laws naturally follows.
I don't think you're correct. The executive administrates laws, the congress creates them, and the enumerated powers determine which laws they can create.
Would you mind providing a quote for what you're talking about, so I can see it in context and understand what its saying?
Does the federal government have the power to prevent slavery? Surely they have the power to enforce the rights laid out in the constitution, right? How can they enforce it without some form of federal police force?